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A Review of Pap Smear Techniques: Laboratory Procedure

pap smear sample collection

Pap smear, a cervical screening technique. Introduction Pap smear shortened from Papanicolau test, is a cytological screening test used to check for cervical cancer and its precursors. The Pap smear process involves collecting cells from a patient’s cervix using a speculum for better visualization. Then a spatula, brush, or swab is used to collect cells […]

Monkeypox Virus: What You Need to Know

Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox virus, was first identified in 1958 when outbreaks of a pox-like disease occurred in monkeys kept for research.    The first human case was recorded in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Since then, the disease has been endemic in several Central and Western African countries.   […]

Diagnosis of Mpox(Monkeypox) Virus

Mpox lesions on an infected person

The diagnosis of Monkeypox viral infection is a topic we can discuss since the virus has been making headlines recently. It’s not your everyday illness, and diagnosing it can be challenging.   Historical Background of Monkeypox Before we get into the nitty-gritty of diagnosis, I must say that Monkeypox isn’t the new kid on the […]

GRAM STAINING: Introduction, principles, materials, procedure, results & limitations.

GRAM STAINING TECHNIQUE

Introduction to Gram Staining technique: A Cornerstone in Microbiology Gram staining is an important technique in microbiology. It is a staining method that narrows down the classification of bacteria into two broad groups: Gram-positive and Gram-negative. It is named after Hans Christian Gram, a Danish bacteriologist. Bacteria are a large group of microorganisms that cause […]